The United States Supreme Court has granted certiorari in two cases, which will determine whether 911 calls and statements taken by police officers can be used in lieu of in-court testimony. See Davis v. Washington, Case No. 05-5224 and Hammon v. Indiana, Case No. 05-5705. Case decisions vary as to whether 911 calls and statements taken by the police are "testimonial", and thus can only be admitted as set out in Crawford v. Washington, 541 U.S. 36 (2004). Crawford prohibits "testimonial hearsay introduced by the prosecution unless the defense has an opportunity to question the person who made the statement, and that person is unavailable at the time of trial". See All Eyes Are on High Court Over 'Crawford' Issues by Leonard Post, National Law Journal, October 27, 2005.